624 research outputs found
Excited State Contributions to the Heavy Baryon Fragmentation Functions in a Quark-Diquark Model
Spin dependent fragmentation functions for heavy flavor quarks to fragment into heavy baryons are calculated in a quark-diquark model. The production of intermediate spin 1/2 and 3/2 excited states is explicity included. The resulting production rate and polarization at LEP energies are in agreement with experiment. The and functions are also obtained. The spin independent is compared to data. The integrated values for production rates agree with the data
Decay of the classical Loschmidt echo in integrable systems
We study both analytically and numerically the decay of fidelity of classical
motion for integrable systems. We find that the decay can exhibit two
qualitatively different behaviors, namely an algebraic decay, that is due to
the perturbation of the shape of the tori, or a ballistic decay, that is
associated with perturbing the frequencies of the tori. The type of decay
depends on initial conditions and on the shape of the perturbation but, for
small enough perturbations, not on its size. We demonstrate numerically this
general behavior for the cases of the twist map, the rectangular billiard, and
the kicked rotor in the almost integrable regime.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, revte
Spin Dependent Fragmentation Functions for Heavy Flavor Baryons and Single Heavy Hyperon Polarization
Spin dependent fragmentation functions for heavy flavor quarks to fragment
into heavy baryons are calculated in a quark-diquark model. The production of
intermediate spin 1/2 and 3/2 excited states is explicity included.
, and production rate and polarization at LEP energies are
calculated and, where possible, compared with experiment. A different approach,
also relying on a heavy quark-diquark model, is proposed for the small momentum
transfer inclusive production of polarized heavy flavor hyperons. The predicted
polarization is roughly in agreement with experiment.Comment: LaTeX2e 11 pages with 4 PostScript figures. To be published in
Proceedings of the International Workshop ``Symmetries and spin'',
Praha-SPIN-200
Measurement of the cosmic ray hadron spectrum up to 30 TeV at mountain altitude: the primary proton spectrum
The flux of cosmic ray hadrons at the atmospheric depth of 820 g/cm^2 has
been measured by means of the EAS-TOP hadron calorimeter (Campo Imperatore,
National Gran Sasso Laboratories, 2005 m a.s.l.). The hadron spectrum is well
described by a single power law : S(E_h) = (2.25 +- 0.21 +- 0.34(sys))
10^(-7)(E_h/1000)^(-2.79 +- 0.05) m^(-2) s^(-1) sr^(-1) GeV^(-1) over the
energy range 30 GeV-30 TeV. The procedure and the accuracy of the measurement
are discussed. The primary proton spectrum is derived from the data by using
the CORSIKA/QGSJET code to compute the local hadron flux as a function of the
primary proton spectrum and to calculate and subtract the heavy nuclei
contribution (basing on direct measurements). Over a wide energy range E_0 =
0.5-50 TeV its best fit is given by a single power law : S(E_0) = (9.8 +- 1.1
+- 1.6(sys)) 10^(-5) (E_0/1000)^(-2.80 +- 0.06) m^(-2) s^(-1) sr^(-1) GeV^(-1).
The validity of the CORSIKA/QGSJET code for such application has been checked
using the EAS-TOP and KASCADE experimental data by reproducing the ratio of the
measured hadron fluxes at the two experimental depths (820 and 1030 g/cm^2
respectively) at better than 10% in the considered energy range.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle
Physic
Loschmidt Echo and Lyapunov Exponent in a Quantum Disordered System
We investigate the sensitivity of a disordered system with diffractive
scatterers to a weak external perturbation. Specifically, we calculate the
fidelity M(t) (also called the Loschmidt echo) characterizing a return
probability after a propagation for a time followed by a backward
propagation governed by a slightly perturbed Hamiltonian. For short-range
scatterers we perform a diagrammatic calculation showing that the fidelity
decays first exponentially according to the golden rule, and then follows a
power law governed by the diffusive dynamics. For long-range disorder (when the
diffractive scattering is of small-angle character) an intermediate regime
emerges where the diagrammatics is not applicable. Using the path integral
technique, we derive a kinetic equation and show that M(t) decays exponentially
with a rate governed by the classical Lyapunov exponent.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Universality of the Lyapunov regime for the Loschmidt echo
The Loschmidt echo (LE) is a magnitude that measures the sensitivity of
quantum dynamics to perturbations in the Hamiltonian. For a certain regime of
the parameters, the LE decays exponentially with a rate given by the Lyapunov
exponent of the underlying classically chaotic system. We develop a
semiclassical theory, supported by numerical results in a Lorentz gas model,
which allows us to establish and characterize the universality of this Lyapunov
regime. In particular, the universality is evidenced by the semiclassical limit
of the Fermi wavelength going to zero, the behavior for times longer than
Ehrenfest time, the insensitivity with respect to the form of the perturbation
and the behavior of individual (non-averaged) initial conditions. Finally, by
elaborating a semiclassical approximation to the Wigner function, we are able
to distinguish between classical and quantum origin for the different terms of
the LE. This approach renders an understanding for the persistence of the
Lyapunov regime after the Ehrenfest time, as well as a reinterpretation of our
results in terms of the quantum--classical transition.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures, uses Revtex
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Cichorium intybus L.)
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a promising source of raw materials for both food (roots) and pharmaceutical industries (leaves). One of the ways to increase the biologically active compounds content in medicinal plant materials is the use of various growth stimulants, which include amino acids. The article presents the results of an experimental study conducted in 2021-2022 which study the effect of of L-alanine and a racemic mixture of alanine (DL) on the accumulation and qualitative composition of phenolic compounds (PC) in the leaves of chicory.Results. It was found that the use of alanine in different concentrations did not have a significant effect on the increase of phenolic compounds content, and also did not affect the on their accumulation dynamics. The use of alanine enantiomers did not affect the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, but led to a change in the ratio of hydroxycinnamic acids to each other. It has been established that during the growing season the percentage ratio between the main phenolic compounds in chicory leaves changes - the content of chlorogenic acid increases in proportion to the decrease in chicory acid. Treatment with L-alanine at a concentration of 25 mg/l during the study period in both varieties led to the largest reduction in the content of chicory acid compared to others. It was noted that the total content of PC is higher in a year with warmer and more arid weather, it was higher on average by 0,7 %.Π¦ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ (Cichorium intybus L.) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ). ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π² 2021-2022 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° L-Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° (DL) Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π€Π‘) Π² Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ β ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° L-Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 25 ΠΌΠ³/Π» Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π€Π‘ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ β Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 0,7 %
The effect of caffeine, metronidazole, and ibuprofen on continuous flow activated sludge process
BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to study the biological treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing emerging contaminants. The 95-day experiment was conducted in an 81 L continuous flow conventional activated sludge apparatus consisting of anoxic and aerobic reactors with internal recycling, and a clarifier with activated sludge recycling. Real activated sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment plant in the Nur-Sultan city was used. The degradation efficiencies of caffeine, metronidazole, and ibuprofen in the synthetic wastewater were studied either separately or in combination. RESULTS: When treated separately at the concentration of 30 mg/L, the degradation of caffeine and ibuprofen was up to 100%, while the degradation of metronidazole was in the range of 12β27%. Caffeine and ibuprofen inhibited the nitrification process, while the presence of metronidazole in the system suppressed the activity of denitrifying microorganisms. The biological treatment of the synthetic wastewater containing all three compounds (at the concentration of 10 mg/L each) resulted in degradation of caffeine and ibuprofen up to 100%, and 56% in the case of metronidazole. As both nitrification and denitrification processes were affected, the total nitrogen removal was significantly reduced from 53% to 22%. CONCLUSION: Complete degradation of caffeine and ibuprofen, and partial degradation of metronidazole were observed in a synthetic wastewater using the activated sludge process. As the presence of emerging pollutants in a wastewater affects the general efficiency of the wastewater treatment plants, other physical or chemical pre-treatment should be utilized to minimize the harmful effect of contaminants on the biological processes
Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE\u27s sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-calendar years (kt-MW-CY), where calendar years include an assumption of 57% accelerator uptime based on past accelerator performance at Fermilab. The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 4Ο (5Ο) level with a 66 (100) kt-MW-CY far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters, with a median sensitivity of 3Ο for almost all true Ξ΄CP values after only 24 kt-MW-CY. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3Ο level with a 100 kt-MW-CY exposure for the maximally CP-violating values Ξ΄CP=Β±Ο/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE\u27s sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest
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